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Turning 65 · Initial Enrollment

Your 7-Month Window to Enroll

Turning 65 opens your Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) — a 7-month window built around your birthday, and the way most people sign up for Medicare for the first time. Here's exactly how it works, month by month.

Seven Months, Centered on Your Birthday

3 mo. before
2 mo. before
1 mo. before
Birthday month
1 mo. after
2 mo. after
3 mo. after
← IEP beginsIEP ends →

The three months before your birthday month, your birthday month itself, and the three months after it — that's seven months total, and it's the only time most people can enroll in Medicare without worrying about a late penalty (unless a Special Enrollment Period applies).

When Does Coverage Actually Start?

When your coverage begins depends on which month within the 7-month window you sign up:

Enroll in one of the 3 months before

Coverage begins on the first day of your birthday month — no gap at all.

Enroll during your birthday month, or in the 3 months after

Coverage begins the first day of the month after you sign up. Enrolling as early as possible in your window helps avoid a gap between when you need coverage and when it actually starts.

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Still working at 65 with employer coverage?

If you or a spouse has coverage through an employer, the rules can work a little differently — you may be able to delay part of Medicare without a penalty, or you may need to enroll on time depending on the size of the employer.

Read: Working Past 65 →